How is Java SE for Embedded functionally different from standard Java SE?
Java SE for Embedded derives from Java SE. It can support the same platforms and functionality as Java SE. Additionally, it provides specific features and support for the embedded market. These embedded-specific features and support currently include additional platforms, small footprint JREs, headless configurations and memory optimizations. All Java SE for embedded offerings are Java SE compliant.
SE Functionality Specific for Embedded
Embedded systems can differ from traditional Java SE Desktop and Server configurations in a few key areas. These include RAM, permanent local storage (Disk, ROM or Compact Flash), KVM resources (Keyboard, Video, Mouse) and platform support (CPU and OS). For each of these areas, Java SE for Embedded provides specific support for embedded devices:
Headless SupportJava SE for Embedded provides a Headless option to support embedded devices that do not have a display monitor, keyboard or mouse. The functionality to receive keyboard and mouse input and render on a display is removed. The rest of Java SE functionality is still available including the underlying graphics support that enables printing and binary file generation.
Small Footprint JREThrough additional compression and optional file removal, Java SE for Embedded can provide a reduced footprint JRE required by some embedded systems. The removed files include those not needed by headless as well as many others including tools, character converters and one of the JIT compilers. This reduction results in a JRE that is less than one-half the footprint of the full JRE - as low as 30MB for Java SE 5.0 and 24MB for Java SE 1.4.2.
JRE size is release and platform dependent, but here's an example using 5.0 Update 6 for Linux x86:
JRE
ROM Footprint
Full JRE installed
68 MB
Small Footprint JRE installed
29.5MB
The Small Footprint JRE is still TCK compliant.
Memory OptimizationsJava SE for Embedded provides enhanced handling for embedded devices, through memory ergonomics and other modifications.
Low Memory ErgonomicsOn start-up in low memory environments, Java SE for Embedded can reduce the default size of VM memory allocations. This reduction is for the three largest memory areas allocated by the VM: the PermGen, Java Heap and Code Cache.
The VM dynamically sets the size of the allocation based on a percentage of the physical memory available at start-up but limited by a cap:
MemoryArea
MemoryContent
AllocationPct Cap
PermGen
Java Class Data
50% 64MB
Java Heap
Read/Write Java Objects
50% 64MB
Code Cache
JIT compiled code
12% 32MB
As an example, upon starting up in an embedded device with 32MB physical memory, the VM will allocate 16MB for the PermGen, 16MB for the Java Heap and 4MB for the Code Cache.
The dynamic settings can be overriden using these flags:
MemoryArea
Command-LineFlag
PermGen
-XX:MaxPermSize=yy
Java Heap
-Xmxyy
Code Cache
-XX:ReservedCodeCacheSize=yy
Where yy is size in bytes e.g. -Xmx64m specifies a 64MB Java Heap.
Other Memory SavingsJava SE Embedded provides a 12MB RAM savings by eliminating the use of MMAP when loading jar files and removing a static table for threads.
Additional Platform Support
Java SE for Embedded supports the traditional Java SE desktop and server platforms. This includes:
CPU:
x86, x64, SPARC 32-bit and 64-bit
OS:
Linux, Windows and Solaris
Additionally, it also supports platforms specifically for embedded such as the PowerPC microprocessor family and Linux OS's such as Debian and Yellow Dog. We are continually extending our embedded-only platform support. Upcoming plans include support for Carrier-Grade Linux and XP-Embedded. Please contact us if you don't see the platform you need.
How does it differ from Java ME?
Java ME and Java SE for Embedded address different segments of the embedded market. The Java ME CLDC and CDC offerings are designed for resource-limited devices including cell phones, handsets and media players. The APIs of CLDC and CDC are more limited than Java SE but enable these ME offerings to support devices with small footprints. Java SE for Embedded provides the rich functionality of Java SE and is targeted at higher-end embedded devices - generally, those devices with at least 32MB RAM and 32MB of ROM.
What platforms does Java SE for Embedded support?
Java SE for Embedded supports 28 different ISA/OS platforms. The hardware platforms include x86, x64, PowerPC, SPARC (32 and 64 bit). The OS platforms include Linux, Windows and Solaris. Many of these platforms are commonly supported by all Java SE (Embedded, Desktop and Server). The embedded-only platforms such as PowerPC, headless and small footprint JRE, are available through the Java SE for Embedded website.
I don't see the platform I need supported, what can I do?
If your project has different hardware (cpu, memory) or OS requirements you can contact us. We provide specialized engineering services and can work with you to provide a solution.
What are the RAM and ROM/Disk requirements for Java SE for Embedded?
Memory footprint requirements are dependent on the platform (OS, swapping, etc), SE release, SE functionality (e.g. headless or not) and application. We generally recommend 32MB for RAM and 32MB for ROM/Disk/Flash but can support slightly smaller configurations.
How does Java SE for Embedded compare in performance with C/C++?
Though ultimately performance is application dependent, Java SE applications perform on par with C/C++ applications. Many third party tests have demonstrated Java to be equal or better than C/C++ performance. Java's dynamic just-in-time compilation and aggressive in-lining generates code that can be better optimized than static C/C++ compilation.
How do I call my native drivers and applications?
The Java SE specification provides an interface to native drivers and C or C++ functions called the Java Native Interface (JNI). JNI works by creating a Java-visible wrapper around the native code, a new header file to cross-reference the wrapper, and then a call from the Java program which allows parameters to be passed and received by the native code.
How do I debug my Java application for embedded?
There is a full set of APIs and tools that enable you to debug your Java application. Both local and remote debugging is supported. There are also APIs, tools and resources for observability, management and performance profiling. A good starting point for all these activities is the Java SE 5.0 Troubleshooting and Diagnostic Guide.
How is Java SE for Embedded licensed?
Java SE is free to use for development of embedded applications. We provide affordable licensing for deploying Java SE in an embedded device or as part of a embedded-based system. Please contact us when you are ready to deploy or if you have already deployed but not sure you have the correct license.
Does deploying Java SE for embedded devices or purposes require a royalty?
Yes. Sun's license for Java SE enables it to be freely used for general purpose desktops or servers. If Java SE is bundled as part of a dedicated solution that involves or controls hardware of some kind, then it's likely an embedded application and is subject to modest royalty payments.
How do I determine how much royalty I'll owe on my embedded offering that includes Java SE?
Please contact us to set up an appointment with our specialized OEM sales team. They have the necessary information to determine the pricing for your product. Sun's embedded royalty model seeks to match royalty costs to the price/volume of your product so that you can keep costs low and use Java SE on the wide range of SE-capable products.
Do I have to pay to develop my embedded application for Java SE?
No - developing with Java SE for embedded or non-embedded purposes is free, as are the NetBeans tools best suited for the job. You can and should sign a royalty agreement with Sun during the development phase, but you do not owe any royalty payments until you actually ship product.
How do I get started?
It's easy. There are 3 main steps:
1. Download - Choose the latest SE release from either embedded-only platforms or all (Embedded, Desktop, Server) Java SE platforms. Please contact us, if you don't see what you need.
2. Develop - Try Java SE on your platform. Develop your embedded application with it - development is free. If you're new to Java, there's a lot of help including our tutorials, blueprints, documentation and training* as well as extensive resources from the Java community.
3. Deploy - Ready to deploy? Contact us to find out about our licensing, support and partner programs.
Saturday, February 9, 2008
vlsi faq
We have tried to put answers of some of the most frequently asked question (FAQs). These FAQs are relevant mostly to the aspiring students of our PG-Diploma in VLSI Design. If you still have any further questions you may contact us or make your online-enquiry to us.
How do I benefit from the course? Regular courses that are offered by Universities are generally broad bases and do not address special skill that the industry needs. The courses offered by Sandeepani are the most advanced & researched VLSI training program according to need of modern industry to meet the market requirements in niche areas of Micro-electronics backbone solutions, which cover VLSI / ASIC Designing, Embedded System Designing and Communication System Designing etc. People, who are undergoing this course, get numerous job offers from industries. Which educational institutions or companies that recognize/certify the training that you provide? Our training programs are certified by Mentor Graphics (USA), One of the world leaders in EDA Solutions. (www.mentor.com) and Xilinx (www.xilinx.com). These special professional training programs have been offered for the first time outside the University framework and all the students who have been employed by the various VLSI / Microelectronics industries in India / Overseas attach great value to the training offered by Sandeepani. Many Corporate Houses like Wipro Technologies, HCL Technologies, Agilent Technologies, IBM, Intel, Philips Semiconductors, GE Wipro Medical Systems, Virage Logic, National Semiconductors, GE-Satyam, ITI, BHEL, ECIL, CAIR etc are happy to be associated with us. Is the curriculum Industry-relevant? We offer the Industry oriented most advanced & researched VLSI Syllabus according to need of modern industry, that provides you opportunities to choose a career path to suit your core competence. Does the Institute have a range of programs to choose from Candidates? We have more than 25 special professional training programs. Which includes various long term, short term and part / full time courses. Does it have Criteria for Selection of candidates? Candidates will be short-listed based on the minimum eligibility criteria. Short listed candidates will be selected based on the performance in entrance test (written or online) and technical interview. We must mention that we look exclusively for promising candidates for this high level specialized training program. What is the infrastructure like? SANDEEPANI has a good infrastructure equipped with facilities like variety of latest industry standard EDA tools, Well-equipped laboratory with all Digital Equipments, OHP and CBT facility for classroom. Is Library well equipped and sufficient for all the students? Yes, our library well-information rich library with all related books, literature, research papers, Data CD's etc. Who are the faculties and their profile? Are they academics or professionals? If academics, do they possess relevant work experiences that is needed for such industry? Faculty consisting of industry experts with wide practical exposure, which consists of teaching, research, design experience from the industry and/or university. We also bring visiting lecturers to throw light on new or evolving technologies. What are the training materials provided by you? Our all-training materials are developed and delivered by our own expert faculty, which based on the materials used across universities in America / Europe in the MS degree program in VLSI design. Animated tutorials designed by SANDEEPANI are available on CDs. These tutorials have designed by expert designer team of our center. These Animated Tutorial CDs are available only to our students. No such material is available from any other source. After the course, if I want to further increase my skills, what will be the follow-up courses? There are various follow-up courses available to understand various design issues and methodologies required to achieve an efficient design. Do you have any industrial attachments? The institute is technically supported by CG-CoreEL Programmable Solutions, CG-CoreEL Logic Systems, Mentor Graphics and Xilinx working in the area of VLSI Design, Microelectronics Product Design & Development, Applied research in Microelectronics and project consultancy. Do you have placement facilities if I complete the course successfully? Any charges from such services? We provide 100% complete assistance for placement through our placement cell. Various companies regularly visit us for campus recruitment. At any point of time, for change of job, or for better opportunity, access to our placement cell is available to all our students. For the freshers its necessary to understand that before applying for a job in VLSI Design arena one must have gone through an intensive course in VLSI Design. It's a bare minimum requirement at present and CG-CoreEL & Mentor Graphics Logo in your certificate gives an edge over any other institute or training center. Does it have an R & D cell, which is constantly innovating and monitoring new developments in technology? We have an active Design Cell that is involved doing projects for the industry. We are also in the field of Industrial Design & Prototype Development, IP Core Design Services and PCB Design & Fabrication. This Design cell helps our student to understand live project experience. Will the VLSI technology saturate? This technology is future proof and in comparison with other new technologies it is here to stay.
How do I benefit from the course? Regular courses that are offered by Universities are generally broad bases and do not address special skill that the industry needs. The courses offered by Sandeepani are the most advanced & researched VLSI training program according to need of modern industry to meet the market requirements in niche areas of Micro-electronics backbone solutions, which cover VLSI / ASIC Designing, Embedded System Designing and Communication System Designing etc. People, who are undergoing this course, get numerous job offers from industries. Which educational institutions or companies that recognize/certify the training that you provide? Our training programs are certified by Mentor Graphics (USA), One of the world leaders in EDA Solutions. (www.mentor.com) and Xilinx (www.xilinx.com). These special professional training programs have been offered for the first time outside the University framework and all the students who have been employed by the various VLSI / Microelectronics industries in India / Overseas attach great value to the training offered by Sandeepani. Many Corporate Houses like Wipro Technologies, HCL Technologies, Agilent Technologies, IBM, Intel, Philips Semiconductors, GE Wipro Medical Systems, Virage Logic, National Semiconductors, GE-Satyam, ITI, BHEL, ECIL, CAIR etc are happy to be associated with us. Is the curriculum Industry-relevant? We offer the Industry oriented most advanced & researched VLSI Syllabus according to need of modern industry, that provides you opportunities to choose a career path to suit your core competence. Does the Institute have a range of programs to choose from Candidates? We have more than 25 special professional training programs. Which includes various long term, short term and part / full time courses. Does it have Criteria for Selection of candidates? Candidates will be short-listed based on the minimum eligibility criteria. Short listed candidates will be selected based on the performance in entrance test (written or online) and technical interview. We must mention that we look exclusively for promising candidates for this high level specialized training program. What is the infrastructure like? SANDEEPANI has a good infrastructure equipped with facilities like variety of latest industry standard EDA tools, Well-equipped laboratory with all Digital Equipments, OHP and CBT facility for classroom. Is Library well equipped and sufficient for all the students? Yes, our library well-information rich library with all related books, literature, research papers, Data CD's etc. Who are the faculties and their profile? Are they academics or professionals? If academics, do they possess relevant work experiences that is needed for such industry? Faculty consisting of industry experts with wide practical exposure, which consists of teaching, research, design experience from the industry and/or university. We also bring visiting lecturers to throw light on new or evolving technologies. What are the training materials provided by you? Our all-training materials are developed and delivered by our own expert faculty, which based on the materials used across universities in America / Europe in the MS degree program in VLSI design. Animated tutorials designed by SANDEEPANI are available on CDs. These tutorials have designed by expert designer team of our center. These Animated Tutorial CDs are available only to our students. No such material is available from any other source. After the course, if I want to further increase my skills, what will be the follow-up courses? There are various follow-up courses available to understand various design issues and methodologies required to achieve an efficient design. Do you have any industrial attachments? The institute is technically supported by CG-CoreEL Programmable Solutions, CG-CoreEL Logic Systems, Mentor Graphics and Xilinx working in the area of VLSI Design, Microelectronics Product Design & Development, Applied research in Microelectronics and project consultancy. Do you have placement facilities if I complete the course successfully? Any charges from such services? We provide 100% complete assistance for placement through our placement cell. Various companies regularly visit us for campus recruitment. At any point of time, for change of job, or for better opportunity, access to our placement cell is available to all our students. For the freshers its necessary to understand that before applying for a job in VLSI Design arena one must have gone through an intensive course in VLSI Design. It's a bare minimum requirement at present and CG-CoreEL & Mentor Graphics Logo in your certificate gives an edge over any other institute or training center. Does it have an R & D cell, which is constantly innovating and monitoring new developments in technology? We have an active Design Cell that is involved doing projects for the industry. We are also in the field of Industrial Design & Prototype Development, IP Core Design Services and PCB Design & Fabrication. This Design cell helps our student to understand live project experience. Will the VLSI technology saturate? This technology is future proof and in comparison with other new technologies it is here to stay.
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